100 лет назад вышла директива «О расказачивании», положившая начало геноциду донских казаков
Сегодня, 24 января, донские казаки отмечают памятную дату — 100-летие начала беспощадного геноцида казачества.
24 января – 100 лет назад оpгбюpо ЦК РКП (б) приняло диpективу «О pасказачивании», которая пpедписывала «… пpизнать единственно пpавильным самую беспощадную боpьбу со всеми веpхами казачества, путём поголовного их истpебления».
24 января 1919 года Оргбюро ЦК рабоче-крестьянской партии большевиков выпустило циркулярную инструкцию за подписью Якова Свердлова, которая вошла в историю как «директива о расказачивании».
В казачьих землях отменялись все льготы, конфисковывались продукты и изымалось оружие. Началась массовая депортация казаков. Их земли и дома передавались горским народам, с которыми казаки всегда конфликтовали. По приказу Орджоникидзе, обезлюдевшие станицы следовало «отдать беднейшему безземельному населению и в первую очередь всегда бывшим преданным Советской власти нагорным чеченцам».
Все казаки в возрасте от 18 до 50 лет должны были быть вывезены на Север. Процесс тормозила лишь хроническая нехватка железнодорожных вагонов. Письмо Оргбюро ЦК партии от 24 января 1919 года ставило казачество в положение поверженного врага и фактически объявляло его вне закона.
«Циркулярно. Секретно. Последние события на различных фронтах в казачьих районах — наши продвижения вглубь казачьих поселений и разложение среди казачьих войск — заставляют нас дать указания партийным работникам о характере их работы при воссоздании и укреплении Советской власти в указанных районах. Необходимо, учитывая опыт гражданской войны с казачеством, признать единственно правильным самую беспощадную борьбу со всеми верхами казачества, путем поголовного их истребления….
1. Провести массовый террор против богатых казаков, истребив их поголовно; произвести массовый террор по отношению ко всем казакам, принимавшим какое-либо ,прямое или косвенное, участие с борьбе с советской властью. К среднему казачеству применить все те же меры, которые дают гарантию от каких-либо попыток к новым выступлениям против советской власти.
2. Конфисковать хлеб и заставить ссыпать все излишки в указанные пункты, это относится как к хлебу, так и ко всем сельскохозяйственным продуктам.
3. Принять меры по оказанию помощи переселяющейся пришлой бедноте, организуя переселение, где это возможно.
4. Уровнять пришлых иногородних с казаками в земельном и во всех других отношениях.
5. Провести разоружение, расстреливать каждого, у кого будет обнаружено оружие после срока сдачи.
6. Выдавать оружие надежным элементам из иногородних.
7. Вооруженные отряды оставлять в казачьих станицах; впредь до установления полного порядка.
8. Всем комиссарам, назначенные в те или иные поселения, предлагается проявить максимальную твердость и неуклонно проводить настоящее указание».
— У казачества нет заслуг перед русским народом и русским государством. У казачества есть заслуги перед темными силами русизма.По своей боевой подготовке казачество не отличалось к полезным боевым действиям. Особенно рельефно бросается в глаза дикий вид казака, его отсталость от приличной внешность культурного человека западной полосы. При исследовании психологической стороны этой массы приходится заметить свойства между психологией казачество и психологией некоторых представителей зоологического мира, — написал Вацетис в газете «Известия народного комиссариата по военным делам», напрочь перечеркивая заслуг и казачества перед Отечеством.
Свои планы относительно казачества Троцкий сформулировал в нескольких предложениях своей речи, прозвучавшей на собрании политкомиссаров Южного фронта в Воронеже.
— Казачество – опора трона. Уничтожить казачество как таковое, расказачить казачество – вот наш лозунг. Снять лампасы, запретить именоваться казаком, выселить в массовом порядке в другие области, такую незавидную участь подготовили казакам.
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